By Abdulrahman Ali A. Ji’iir, Medical Student
OPINION |
Somaliland as a state has witnessed profound changes in consumption patterns and lifestyle over the past two decades due to conflict, urbanization, economic conditions and droughts. For the most part these changes have had positive impact but that’s not to say the changes have not adversely affected the wellbeing of the community in health-wise. Even though no actual data is available, it is not hard for one to notice Somaliland’s rapid urbanization in the last twenty years. Major cities in Somaliland went under dramatic changes due to influx of refugees returning to the country after the war and the influx of refugees from neighboring Somalia and Ethiopia — as well as pastoral communities displaced by climate change. Population growth has outpaced municipal capacity to build essential infrastructure that make lifestyle in cities safe and healthy. There were also constraints imposed by the lack of international recognition which means the government does not often have the resources needed to improve urban living conditions.
Before this intense period of transition there was a distinctly different assortment of lifestyle choices between urban dwellers and pastoral nomads. For centuries, the Somali pastoral nomads and herders have successfully maintained a sustainable, mobile and active lifestyle, traveling from winter to spring pasture lands and summer to autumn pasture lands – becoming experts in the shifts of wind patterns. In the typical day, a Somali male nomad would get up early to rear his domestic livestock so as to milk, eat and vend or to cultivate his land so as to produce food was among the main tasks of the common household. Women did not use to sit back and be idle. On the contrary, as they were having the adroitness to craft all the elements of their traditional housing, they were doing their tasks of milking, home arrangements and embroidery were common duties.
Moreover, they were walking miles and miles in search of water and pasture. They often had to Face the endless obstacles from the harsh semi-arid environment in the Horn of Africa which suffers from low rainfall, wind erosion, recurrent droughts and sometimes sweeping floods. Having dealt with all these tyrant circumstances, yet they did not suffer from medical conditions that are evident in major urban towns in recent years.
It became to norm to hear that your friend or family member was diagnosed from hypertension, diabetes or even heart disease. Maybe stroke and many other similar conditions had caused one of your lovely one’s life to be cut short. To have a better understanding of the underlying of what is generating household horror stories, one must ask himself: What is causing this? Why such diseases are becoming familiar to the society? Is there any correlation of those diseases and how we live?
Knowing that effective research is the trade mark of medical profession, when confronted with great responsibility of understanding and treating human beings, we need as much scientific evidences as possible to render our decision making valid, credible and justifiable. But due to unavailable medical data in our country, this article will mainly focus on the modifiable risk factors that are associated in these diseases which recently become more pronounced and deeply felt. They are as follows:
1.Sedentary lifestyle, most of our time we take sitting, early in the morning we go to our workplace by cars and we go back to this cars. In afternoon we are sitting for chewing Kat or friend meeting in a cafeteria or studding in class. As body is designed for physical activities and movements, sedentary lifestyle increases the likelihood of certain diseases. Making time for physical activity is a vital link to enhancing our chances of staying healthy. Setting exercise program will help prevent most of the chronic diseases as many studies have depicted. A good exercise program will strengthen the heart muscle and help to reduce the resting heart rate and lower blood pressure and blood fats, while raising HDL cholesterol, thus lessening arteriosclerosis risk. Therefore regular exercise is part of healthy lifestyle.
2. High cholesterol diet is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat like substance that the body needs to function normally, present in cell walls or membranes of the body everywhere. The body uses cholesterol to produce hormones, vitamin D and bile acids to help the digestion of fat. It small amount of cholesterol is needed to meet these needs. The extra is deposited in arteries, including the coronary arteries of heart, carotid arteries of the brain, they cause narrowing and latter blockage of arteries. In our society, for having good feasting and inviting friends for special occasions it turns to be unsatisfactory if not fatty camel hump, lamb and mutton is served. And we can guess the consequences.
3. Poor nutrition. Eating healthy is part of healthy lifestyle. I am not insisting to recommend the consumption of the stuffs beyond the purchasing power of our people; certainly we do have nutritious food. Unfortunately we do not see them important. A healthy diet can be basically about consuming appropriate amounts of all essential nutrients and water. Nutrients can be obtained from many different foods, so there are numerous diets that may be considered healthy. Literally, healthy diet needs to have a balance of macro-nutrients (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates), calories to support energy needs, and micro-nutrients to meet the needs for human nutrition without inducing toxicity or excessive weight gain from consuming excessive amounts. We need a balanced diet instead of consuming excessive carbohydrates, like pasta, in all our routine diet. This is why a great majority of our people gain a weight in asymmetrical way which is mainly distributed in the central abdomen or buttocks.
4. Cigarette smoking is the major single cause of lung cancer, chronic pulmonary lung disease and heart disease, and cause more death worldwide, it is estimated 30 percent of cancers are either directly or indirectly related to smoking. All tobacco products are included in this risk factor, not only cigarette. There are 4000 chemicals in cigarette; hundreds are toxic. Nicotine reaches the brain; carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin preventing from carrying full oxygen, also cancer causing agents (carcinogens) cause mutation of genes. The number of smokers in the Somali communities is on the rise and many of them are paying the price.
Finally, it is very imperative for us to try our best to develop a low risk lifestyle that can be defined as not smoking, maintaining a body mass index of less than 25, exercise duration of 30min/day. High intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, whole grains and fish are highly recommended. Making physical exercises is very significant which should not be supposed as a secondary need.
Abdulrahman Ali A. Ji’iir, Medical Student.
University of Hargeisa, Somaliland
No comments:
Post a Comment